Hydrocarbon burner



Sept. 25,1934. H. BLACK 1,974,702

HYDROGARBON BURNER Filed Nov. 28, 1932 Patented Sept. 25, 1934 UNITEDSTATES VPATENTVOFFICE HYDROCARBON BURNER V Herman Black, Cleveland, OhioApplication November 28,1932, Serial No. 644,624

6 Claims. (Cl. 15892) My invention relates to hydro-carbon burners, andwhile it may be utilized for any suitable purpose, it is especiallydesigned for use in connection with garage and other heating stoves Theprincipal object of the invention is taprovide for complete conversionof the oil into gas and eilicient combustion of the latter.

Another object of the invention is to so construct the burner andcombustion chamber that j the natural draft or flow of air therethroughwill be greatly accelerated.

Another object of the invention is to provide a pilot burner and mainburner so associated that the overflow of oil from the pilot will fallit upon the main burner. A further object ofthe invention is to provideefficient means for cooling the pilot burner, and the oil feed pipeadjacentits connection with the pilot and main burners. r

In the accompanying drawing: Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view 1a stove embodying the invention;

Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view through the pilot and main burnerand associated parts;

through ure 2; p r

Figure 4 is a detail viewof sleeve for control ling the volume of airpassing around the feed pipe and through and around the pilot burner;Figure 5 is a side view of the pawl and ratchet mechanism for operatingthe sleeve.

Referring more particularly to the drawingl denotes the'combustion orfurnace chamber of a heating stove or the like. This chamber is enclosedby a preferably cylindrical cast metal casing 2, open at its ends andsuitably supported above and within the confines of a drip pan 3; Thewalls of casing 2 convergetoward a common point approximately midway thelength of the casing, forming oppositely flaring communicating upper andlower portions or chambers4 and 5 respectively.

A substantially dome shaped, preferably cast metal burner 6, is suitablymounted Within the upper half 4 of the combustion chamber 1, by

means of brackets 7, the base of the burner being on a horizontal planewith and slightlysp'aced Figure 3 is a section on theline 33 of Figtrally disposed opening 12 formed in a cone shaped pilot burner 13, thetop of the pipe being flush with thetop of, the pilot burner.

In order to protect the upper end of pipe 10 from the deterioratingeffects of heat and flame and also keep the pilot burner at the desiredtemperatural provide meansfor the free circulation of air around both ofthese parts; Thus the pilot burner is formed with an apertured skirt 31which is adjustably screwed into the large threaded opening 11 in thetop of the main burner. A sleeve 15 rotatably mounted within the skirt31 is formed with large air outlet openingslfi in its upper end adaptedto register with corresponding air outlet openings 17 in the skirt 31when the sleeve is in its normal position. It will also be noted'thatsleeve 15 is spaced from pipe 10 a considerable distance and is flaredat its lower end andiormed with airiinlet openings 14, thus providingfor the free circulation of relatively cool air through the ample airspace 18 before escaping through the. outlet openings 16 and 17.

Oil issuing from the outlet end of pipe 10, flows uponthe top of thepilot burner and if sufiicient 30 oil is being fed the oil overflows theannular oil retaining flange 19, anddripsdown upon the main burner 6 andfrom there down into drip pan 3, and thence out through overflow 20.Newspapers or other combustible material pre- 35 viously' insertedthrough opening 21 in the bottom of casing 2, become saturated with thedripping oil, and when lighted, soon heat the main burner to such'adegree that the oil thereon will vaporize and burn freely. outwardlyand downwardly inclined air openings 22' and 42 respectively formedthrough the walls of the main burner and pilot burner insuresian amplesupply of air to these burners. :When the main burner becomes thoroughlyheated and the oil thereon vaporizes and is ignited, the oil will ceaseto drip therefrom to the bottom of casing 2, but of course there must bea constant overflow of oil from the pilot to the main burner. Therelative height of the pilot burner with respect to the main burner andtheinclination of the air openings 22 in main burner 6 is such that theoil dripping from the pilot will not run into the said air openings.

It is essential that the pilot burner be main- 0 tained at the righttemperature, because if too hot the oil which has accumulated on thepilot will vaporize and much of it be dissipated by being thrown offtherefrom instead of dripping down upon the main burner. Furthermore ex-1 cessive heating of the pilot burner 13 and feed pipe 10 would causethe fuel oil to crack and deposit objectionable carbon. On the otherhand if the pilot burner becomes too cool it will not satisfactorilyfunction as a pilot burner due to the fact that much of the oil willdrip down upon the main burner whereas it is desirable that all of theoil issuing from pipe 10 be consumed by the pilot burner when the oilhas been appropriately cut down and the pilot is functioning as such. Inorder that air openings 16 and 1'7 may be moved into and out of registerrelatively to each other, to increase or decrease the amount of air flowtherethrough, as may be desired, sleeve 15 is formed at its lower endwith gear teeth 23, engaged by a gear 24 on the end of the shaft 25extending through the wall of casing 22. A crank 26 fixed to the end ofshaft 25 provides means for manually rotating the. shaft and causing thesleeve 15 to rotate within the skirt 11 thus opening or closing theopenings 16. and 17 according to which way the crank is. rotated. Aratchet and gear mechanism 28 locks the sleeve in any desired. adjustedposition.

Due to the suction or Venturi action of the double cone shaped casing,the normal draft or flow or air therethrough is greatly accelerated whenpassing between the base of the burner 6 and the restricted area. 8,.and also through the air openings 22 in the burner and openings 16, and17 previously referred to. If the flow of air through the. openings 16and 17 of the. pilot burner becomes sumciently strong to interfere withthe proper vaporization and combustion of the oil it can be regulated byadjustment of sleeve 15. The main burner 6.is preferably positioned.directly adjacent the restricted portion 8 of casing 1, where the airvelocity is greatest. The casing 2, is, preferably enclosed by a sheetmetal drum 3.4, to form a heating chamber 35. having communication withthe outside through cold air inlet. and. air outlet openings, 3.6, and3'7 respectively. If desirable this drum. be provided with an upperextension 38, having a. flue 39. communicating therewith. adjacent. thetop 40.

Having thus described, my invention, what I claim is:

I. A hydro-carbonburner for stoves and the like including a combustionchamber casing having smooth inner Walls throughout its length andconverging at a common point, that, portion. of the wall of: saidcasing, above said. merging point being imperforate and that portion ofsaidwall.

below said merging point being provided with spaced air openings.therethrough, a main; burner mounted within said: casing adjacent said;merging. point. but spaced slightly therefrom, a pilot.

burner mounted above said main burner, and means for feeding fuel tosaid pilot. burner and. thence to said main burner.

2. A hydro-carbon burner for stoves and the like including a combustionchamber casing having oppositely flaring upper and lower portions open.atboth ends and a. centrally contracted portion, said. lower portion,having. spaced air open.-

ings therein, a. main burner mounted. in. said;

casing adjacent to and spaced from said contracted portion, a pilotburner mounted above said main burner, means for feeding fuel to saidpilot burner and thence to said main burner, a drum encircling saidcombustion chamber casing and engaging the said upper and lower flaringportions to form a closed air space between said casing and drum, saiddrum having air openings communicating with the said air openings insaid combustion casing.

3. A hydro-carbon burner for stoves and the like comprising a combustionchamber casing open at its ends, a main burner in said casing and apilot burner in said casing above said main burner, a pipe for feedingfuel to said pilot burner, said pilot burner having an overflow portionfrom which the fuel is fed to the main burner, said pilot burner havinga skirt secured to said main burner, a sleeve movably mounted Withinsaid skirt in spaced relation to said pipe, said sleeve. and skirthaving aligned air openings therein, and means for moving said sleevewithin said skirt to control the passage of air through said openings.

4. A hydro-carbon burner for stoves and the like comprising a combustionchamber casing open at its ends, said casing including upper and loweroppositely flaring frusto-conical portions and a centrally contractedportion, the inner wall of one of said portions being formed with spacedair openings and merging with the inner wall of the other of saidportions, a dome-shaped burner within said casing, and projectingupwardly into said upper frusto-conical portion, a fuel pipe extendingthrough said burner for supplying fuel to said burner, means forcirculating air around the delivery end of said pipe, the base of saidburner being positioned within and but. slightly spaced from the saidcentrally contracted portion.

5. A hydro-carbon burner for stoves. and the like comprisinga combustionchamber casing, a main burner within said casing, a pilot burner withinsaid casing; above said main burner having a depending skirt portion.secured to said main burner, a sleeve rotatably mounted within saidskirt, a fuel pipe extending through and in spaced relation to. saidsleeve and communicating with the. top ofjsaid pilot for eedingfuel tosaid pilot and therefrom to said main burner, and cornmunicati-ng airopenings in said sleeve and skirt for the passage of cool air aroundsaid pilot,

burner.

6. A hydro-carbon burner for stoves and the like: comprising acombustion chamber casing, a.

main burner within. said" casing, a pilot burne'

